Structure of Ferns
Habitat:
Ferns prefer cool, humid and shady habitats. They grow on damp places of wells and bridges, on banks of waterfalls and streams and under the shade of trees.
Size:
Ferns are small plants. Their size range is from few inches to few feet. However tree ferns reach up to 18 meters (60 feet).
Structure:
Plant body of fern consists of root, stem and leaves.
- i) Stem is generally underground and called rhizome.
- ii) Roots are given from lower side of rhizome. They absorb water and salts from soil.
iii) Leaves are produced from the underground stem and grow above the ground.
- iv) Circination is a condition in which young leaves are rolled from the tips and open up with the age.
Reproduction:
- i) Sporophyte is diploid. It reproduces asexually by producing spores.
- ii) Gametophyte is haploid. It reproduces sexually by forming gametes.
Alternation of Generation:
Sporophyte produces gametophyte and gametophyte gives rise to sporophyte and thus, two generation appear one after the other. This process is called alternation of generation.
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