Kitab Nagri

Short Note on Blood Transfusion   i) Koral Landsteiner, a well known immunologist and pathologist started the method of blood transfusion.   ii) He came to know why this process is successful or not.   iii) He found that in some RBC clumped together and in some they are not.   iv) This provided an…

Short Note on Heart Attack   Heart Attack is caused due to narrowing and thickening of arteries due to deposition of cholesterol, fibrin and cellular debris.   Causes:-   i) Heart needs continuous energy and continuous supply of blood to work. If heart did not receive required energy and blood the cardiac muscles die and…

Short Note on Lymphatic System   Some colour-less liquid from tissue fluid enters the lymphatic vessels called lymph. The excess tissue fluid is returned to blood through lymph capillaries. Lymph capillaries have valves which prevents the back flow of lymph into the blood.   Functions:   i) Lymphatic system serves as accessory drainage system of…

Tissue Fluid and How is it Formed   When the capillaries reach closest to tissues of body, some fluid oozes out called tissue fluid.   Formation:   The fluid escapes from the gaps present in the walls of capillaries. These gaps are not so large to allow the escape of RBC.   Significance:   i)…

Functions of the Human Circulatory System   Human circulatory system consists of following components: i) Heart ii) Blood Vessels (Arteries, Veins and Capillaries) iii) Blood 1-Heart:- Structure of Heart: i) Human heart is muscular contractile organ. ii) Human heart is located in between the two lungs, beneath the chest bone. iii) Heart is protected by…

Circulatory System in Animals   It is system by which materials are transported within the body in a fluid which circulates in the body. In many vertebrates this fluid is called hemolymph, while in all vertebrates and in some higher invertebrates this fluid is called blood.   There are two types of circulatory system:  …

What is Mass Flow Hypothesis   According to mass flow hypothesis, the sugars in solution can move freely through the sieve tubes from the leaves to all non-photosynthetic parts of the plants. This movement is because of the difference in the concentration gradient at the place of manufacture of sugar.   Objection of Hypothesis:  …

What is Translocation   The transport of carbohydrates, mostly in the form of sugar (sucrose), from leaves to all parts of plant is called translocation.   Lyrics really add vocabulary Here we come to the second important stage of working with songs: if you choose to learn English with music , you just need to…

Transpiration and its Importance   The loss of water in the form of vapour from aerial parts of the plants, especially through stomata is called transpiration. Potometer is used to measure the rate of transpiration.   The difference of osmotic pressure is present between lower and upper parts of a plant. This difference produces a…

Transport of Water and Minerals in Plants   Plants have two types of vascular tissues called xylem and phloem. Xylem transport water and minerals from roots to leaves. Most the gymnosperms lack these vessels and they have tracheids. Each tracheid is an elongated, dead cell with lignified walls, and intact end walls.   Water travels…