States of Matter in Physics
States of Matter:
Matter has been classified into three states. These states are discussed below:
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- Solid:
According to the kinetic theory of matter, solid has the least kinetic energy. The properties of solids are given below:
a- The particles are very close to each other.
b -Their shape and volume is fixed.
c- Particles in a solid vibrate to and fro from their mean position.
d- On heating they melt and convert into liquid.
e- Some solids also convert directly into gas on heating.
- Liquid:
According to the kinetic theory of matter, liquids have the following properties
a- They have greater kinetic energy than solids but less than that of gases.
b- The volume of liquid is fixed.
c- They move more freely than solids.
d- The attraction between molecules is lower than solids.
e- The distance between the molecules is greater than that of solids.
f- On heating, they convert into vapors.
g- On cooling, they convert into solid.
- Gas:
According to the kinetic molecular theory, gases possess the following properties.
a- Gases possess more kinetic energy.
b- Their shape and volume are not fixed.
c- The distance between their molecules is large.
d- Their temperature is proportional to their kinetic energy.
e- Their temperature rises with increase in pressure.
f- On cooling, they convert into liquid and gases.
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