Transfer of seeds and fruits from their parents is called their dispersal. It reduce the competition for light, water, space and other nutrients between members of species   True, all those who were thirsty were immediately besieged by the obligation to fulfill one condition: to connect to the company’s service and download books only through…

Seeds and Fruits Formation in a Plant     Seed Formation:   Ripened ovule after fertilization is called seed. The seeds are the embryos of flowering plants in dormant stage. Seeds provide protection and nourishment to the embryo. A seed has three parts:   i) Seed Coat: – Outmost covering is called testa and inner…

Short Notes on Double Fertilization In Plants   In this method pollen tube nucleus helps to carry the two sperm nuclei into the ovule. One of the two sperms fuses with egg to form diploid zygote and other sperm nucleus fuses with the two polar nuclei and forms triploid endosperm cell. As the two male…

Importance of Pollination in Agriculture   Most of the plants used in agriculture are flowering plants. Pollination leads to fertilization forming seeds and fruits, which are used as food by us and other animals. If the process of pollination damaged by insecticides than fruit and seed formation in plants also affect badly   An e-book…

Pollination and its Types   The transfer of pollen grains from anthers of a stamen to the stigma of a carpel of same kind of flower is called pollination. There are two types of pollination:   Self-Pollination:   The transfer of pollen in the same flower or between two flowers of same plant is called…

Advantages and Disadvantages of Vegetative Propagation   Advantages:   i) Young plant uses the food resources from parent plant during development.   ii) Only one parent plant is involved.   iii) Good and desired characters are transmitted to offspring.   iv) The new plant matures more quickly.   v) A large number of desired varieties…

Artificial Methods of Vegetative Propagation in Plants   Some plants can be artificially propagated by using their vegetative parts and this is called artificial vegetative propagation. Following are the types of artificial vegetative propagation:   1) CUTTING:   i) Cuttings are short pieces of stem with 2 or 3 nodes or buds.   ii) The…

Methods of Vegetative Propagation in Plants   1) BY STEM:   The methods of vegetative propagation by stem are runners and suckers.   Runners:   i) A runner is long and thin stem, which creep along the surface of soil.   ii) It gives off adventitious roots which may separate from parent plant and give…

Asexual Method of Reproduction In Rhizopus   i) Rhizopus reproduces by spore formation.   ii) Spores are single celled and thick walled.   iii) Spores are produced in sporangium (at the tip of sporangiophores).   iv) On releasing from sporangium, spores are dispersed by wind.   v) When these spores find suitable conditions, they germinate…

Asexual Method of Reproduction in Yeasts   i) Yeasts reproduce by budding.   ii) A small bud is formed on one side of cell.   iii) The nucleus divides mitotically into two nuclei. One nucleus floats in the bud.   iv) Bud enlarges and finally cut off as an independent cell.     How to…