Technology
What is Digital Twin & how is it created?
What is Digital Twin
A digital twin is a virtual copy of any material (and sometimes non-material) object, process or phenomenon. This is one of the technologies often mentioned in the context of the fourth industrial revolution that is happening right now. The digital twin helps to identify problems in time, predict changes and, as a result, make the business more efficient. Let’s figure out how and why this happens.
What is a digital twin and how is it different from a digital profile
Although there is a lot of talk about digital twin technology now, not everyone fully understands what it is. The similarity of the definition with another term – “digital profile” – adds to the confusion. It’s time to clarify and tell how one differs from the other.
There is no exact definition of a digital twin – the interpretation of the term in different sources differs. We can say that this is a continuously changing digital profile that contains current and historical data about an object or process. The variability is explained by the fact that digital twin is regularly enriched with new information: documents, photos and videos, transaction information, geolocation data, and the like. Thus, the digital twin most reliably describes the current state of an object or process, uniquely identifies it. Moreover, it can predict the future behavior of an object under various changes. This property is based on the capabilities of artificial intelligence and machine learning.
A digital copy accompanies an object (process) throughout its entire life cycle. Suppose we are talking about the construction of a building. The cycle starts with funding and ends with operation. At all stages of this process, data constantly appears: contracts, invoices, photographs, diagrams, reports, camera recordings. Information is regularly updated: outdated information is replaced by other, more relevant information. The digital twin represents this entire set of data – structured, cleared of errors and duplication. It characterizes the exact state of the object at the current moment and captures any changes.
A digital copy does not necessarily reproduce the properties and condition of material objects (people, buildings, products, equipment). You can create a virtual twin of a system or process, such as the spread of the coronavirus.
The connecting link between a physical object and its digital copy is the Internet of Things. Based on the information that comes from the sensors, using machine learning algorithms, the behavior of a twin is modeled, which is identical to the behavior of a real object.
There are different types of digital twins. For example, a prototype represents the properties and parameters of a future object that does not yet exist. It is used in the design and creation of products. Another type – an instance – serves as a copy of a specific real object and accompanies it throughout its life cycle, changing along with it. Finally, there are aggregated instances – twins of several objects. They allow modeling group behavior, which is far from always equal to a simple sum of individual patterns.
What are the benefits of digital twins and how do they help improve business performance?
Here are just a few of the possibilities provided by this technology:
The digital twin shows exactly how an object works. This allows you to notice and timely eliminate faults or weaknesses. With a digital copy, errors can be seen before the product goes into production. Thanks to this, the company saves resources and increases the efficiency of production processes. The difference between the results of physical and virtual tests carried out by means of a digital twin is, as a rule, about 5%.
With the help of an electronic copy, you can remotely control an object, change its properties, even being physically in another part of the world.
Digital twin of a product or product allows you to track the process of its use by customers. This provides unlimited potential for optimization.
Finally, the digital copy predicts the future behavior of objects, which means it makes it possible to be one step ahead of time.
The digital twin makes it possible to conduct experiments on an object: destroy, destroy, reproduce an unlimited number of times, find the right solution in a certain situation.
The digital twin allows you to deal with all the properties, features and capabilities of a real object: as a “presence effect”, but without the physical movement of the object.
How are digital twins different from digital profiles (or digital passports)? The latter have been used in industry for a long time: they are usually used to monitor the state of products in operation. A digital profile also describes the behavior of a physical object or process, but its predictive capabilities are limited. He has only memory, in other words, “remembers” only what has already happened.
A digital profile can predict the behavior of an object under the conditions in which the data was collected, that is, as a rule, in standard ones. But with its help it is impossible to predict, for example, emergency situations. And here is the digital twinallows you to simulate even those conditions in which the object has never been operated. Therefore, its predictive potential is of greater value.
The digital twin has another property that distinguishes it from the digital profile. It “knows” what data is needed to get the results you need and how to collect it correctly. The digital twin itself will tell you which sensors, beacons and metrics to install on the object, how and where exactly this should be done. The digital profile does not have such capabilities.
A special variety is the digital profile of a person . This is a set of information about an individual collected from databases of various institutions. The digital profile may contain personal data (full name, date and place of birth, gender), details of documents (passport, driver’s license, etc.), income information, credit history. Information is automatically updated when it changes in the databases of institutions.
Digital customer profiles are in demand by banks, insurance companies, financial institutions, sellers of goods and services. They simplify obtaining information, help speed up service, reduce risks when issuing loans, and ensure that the data in the file cabinet is up to date. The use of digital profiles is also convenient for clients: electronic questionnaires are filled in automatically, errors during input are excluded.
How a digital copy is created
The technology for creating a digital twin depends on the properties of the physical entity for which it is necessary to make a virtual copy. For example, an aircraft electric motor is a separate but complex object; to describe its operation requires complex mathematical calculations.
And if you need to create, let’s say, a model of an automation system for a sorting center, the approach will be different: here each of the elements (transport line) is not difficult in itself, but their uninterrupted well-coordinated interaction is important both in normal and extreme conditions. This should be taken into account when developing a digital twin, because one of its most important tasks is to prevent problems even before the start of operation.
To create a digital twin of an object or system, you need:
- the physical entity itself with an installed set of sensors, metrics;
- special software – platform;
- constant communication between physical and digital equipment.
The process of creating a digital copy always begins with an examination of an object (system, process), studying all its properties and features of functioning. Developers work together with technical specialists on the customer’s side, as the latter are well versed in the subject and know what problems can arise with its operation.
Based on the mathematical description of the entity, after collecting telemetry data from sensors, a linear or tree-like model of the future digital twin is created. So far, it is still static and shows how the object is arranged, how its elements are located in space.
Then the static model is turned into a dynamic one, “revitalizing” it with descriptions of workflows. At this stage, all possible options for the behavior of the object are explored, both in a normal and in an emergency or emergency situation. Technicians write scripts and compile checklists for performance testing, various types of test tests are carried out. Subsequently, during the commissioning of a real object (if we are talking about equipment), this will help save up to 90% of the time.
The process of creating a digital twin does not end with writing a dynamic simulation model. The virtual copy continues to live in parallel with its prototype and develop along with it. Before making changes to the real system, they are tested on a double, thus saving time and money.
Stages of creating a digital twin
Here are just a couple of examples of the use of digital twins. In the aerospace industry, technology is used to track aircraft, accurately determine the weather, and detect (and even predict) malfunctions in time. This minimizes equipment downtime. For example, the Dutch airline KLM has been able to halve the number of flight delays and cancellations using digital copies. And in logistics, the technology helps increase productivity through weight monitoring: through simulation, transport companies know exactly what the maximum load is allowed in a given case, therefore, they do not need to limit the weight of goods for the sake of reinsurance.
Reviews
The Best Buy Apple Airpods 2023
Best Buy Apple Airpods 2023 : Apple AirPods have been the main competitor to other brands in the wireless headphone market for several years, but the high price can be an obstacle in acquiring them. Today, together with an expert, we will consider the best analogues of AirPods
AirPods are devices made by other manufacturers that offer wireless headphones with similar features and capabilities, but at a more affordable price. For those who are not yet familiar with this product, AirPods are Apple’s wireless earbuds that provide convenience and high quality sound in a compact form factor. The main advantages of Apple devices are the presence of a transparency mode (setting external sounds), noise reduction, high voice quality during a conversation, and smart features (for example, Siri voice assistant).
However, despite the popularity of AirPods, analogues are appearing on the market that can provide even better sound quality and more features than the original product. In this article, we’ll take a look at the best AirPods alternatives that offer better value for money sound quality, as well as additional features such as noise cancellation, gesture control, and longer battery life.
Best Buy Apple Airpods
Apple AirPods Pro Review
The Apple AirPods Pro are fancy wireless earbuds that have lots of cool features for great sound and easy use. Here’s a quick review of what’s good about them:
Positive Aspects:
Noise Cancellation: These earbuds can make things around you quiet, which is awesome when you’re listening to music in noisy places.
Hear Around You: You can also let in sounds from outside, so you know what’s happening around you without taking the earbuds out.
Comfy Fit: They have different ear tips to make sure they fit comfortably in your ears, and they block out extra noise.
Nice Sound: The sound is good, with strong bass and clear sounds. They’re not perfect for super music fans, but they sound pretty good.
Sweat and Water Resistant: You can use them when you’re sweating or if there’s a bit of water around without breaking them.
Smart Chip: They work really well with iPhones and iPads, and you can even talk to Siri hands-free.
Easy to Connect: You can easily connect them to your Apple devices without much trouble.
Negative Aspects:
Battery Life: They don’t play music for a super long time before needing a charge. You get around 4.5 to 5 hours with noise cancellation or the hearing-around-you mode on.
Expensive: They cost more than other wireless earbuds, which might not be great if you’re trying to save money.
Not Super Tough: Some people say they might not last a long time and could break, especially the case or the earbuds.
Final Thoughts:
The AirPods Pro are a good choice if you love Apple stuff and want earbuds that work really well with your devices. They’re especially good if you want to block out noise. But they’re a bit pricey, so if you don’t need the noise stuff, you might want to look at other options. The sound is nice, they’re easy to use, but remember they might not be super tough.
Apple AirPods Pro (1st Generation)
The 1st Generation of Apple AirPods Pro, wireless earbuds, comes with a range of features designed for better sound and convenience. Here’s a concise review covering their main aspects:
Advantages:
Active Noise Cancellation: The AirPods Pro (1st Gen) feature active noise cancellation, reducing background noise for a focused listening experience, particularly useful in noisy environments.
Transparency Mode: This mode allows external sounds to come through, balancing music and environmental awareness, beneficial when you need to stay alert to your surroundings.
Comfortable Fit: With different ear tip sizes, these AirPods offer a comfortable fit tailored to your ears, enhancing comfort and noise isolation for improved sound quality.
Audio Quality: The earbuds deliver well-balanced audio, including strong bass and clear high notes. While not audiophile-level, they provide enjoyable sound.
Water and Sweat Resistance: These AirPods are designed to withstand light water exposure and sweat, making them suitable for workouts and outdoor activities.
H1 Chip Integration: The built-in H1 chip optimizes compatibility with Apple devices, ensuring seamless pairing, lower latency, and hands-free Siri activation.
Easy Pairing: Connecting the AirPods to your Apple devices is straightforward, especially if you’re logged in with your iCloud account.
Drawbacks:
Battery Life: The earbuds offer a decent but not exceptionally long battery life. You can expect around 4.5 to 5 hours of playback with noise cancellation or transparency mode engaged.
Price: The AirPods Pro (1st Gen) are relatively more expensive compared to alternative wireless earbuds, potentially discouraging budget-conscious consumers.
Durability: Some users have reported concerns about long-term durability, including issues with the earbuds’ charging case and their overall resilience.
Final Thoughts:
The first-generation AirPods Pro are a solid choice, especially if you’re a dedicated Apple user seeking compatibility and an immersive audio experience. However, their higher cost and potential durability issues might lead you to explore other options, especially if noise cancellation isn’t a top priority. For those valuing sound quality and user-friendliness, the AirPods Pro are worth considering, while taking into account possible durability challenges.
Apple AirPods (2nd Generation)
The Apple AirPods (2nd Generation) are wireless earbuds with several features to enhance your listening experience and convenience. Here’s a quick review highlighting their main features:
Advantages:
Wireless Convenience: These AirPods are cord-free and connect to your devices through Bluetooth, allowing you to move freely without tangled wires.
Easy Pairing: Setting up these AirPods is a breeze. They quickly connect to your Apple device when you open the charging case nearby.
Good Sound Quality: The audio quality is decent, with clear vocals and satisfactory bass. While not designed for audiophiles, they provide a pleasant listening experience.
Long Battery Life: You get about 5 hours of continuous listening time, and the charging case extends this to over 24 hours before needing a recharge.
Voice Control: You can use voice commands like “Hey Siri” to manage your music, calls, and more, all without touching your device.
Comfortable and Light: These AirPods are lightweight and fit comfortably in most ears, making them suitable for extended wear.
Device Compatibility: They work well with various Apple devices, and switching between devices signed in with the same iCloud account is effortless.
Disadvantages:
No Noise Cancellation: Unlike the AirPods Pro, these earbuds don’t have active noise cancellation, so they might not block out background noise as effectively.
Limited Water Resistance: The AirPods (2nd Gen) aren’t fully waterproof, so you should be careful when using them in wet or sweaty conditions.
Similar Design: They closely resemble the first-generation AirPods, which could disappoint those expecting a more noticeable design update.
Final Thoughts:
For Apple fans who want easy-to-use wireless earbuds, the AirPods (2nd Gen) are a reliable choice. They offer good sound quality, long battery life, and straightforward setup. While they lack some advanced features of the AirPods Pro, their affordability and dependable performance make them a practical option for everyday use. If you’re seeking straightforward wireless earbuds with an Apple touch, give the AirPods (2nd Gen) a look.
Reviews
How to Choose an Iron / Best Iron to Buy 2023
Today we will discuss the most important aspects for How to choose an iron, let’s take a look
Hold in your hands
An iron is a household appliance that you have to keep in your hand all the time it is working. Therefore, it is important that you feel comfortable, easy and pleasant to “communicate” with him. Even if you choose it on the Internet, do not be lazy, go to a hardware store, hold it and see how comfortable you are.
Weigh
Some housewives like it when the iron is heavy enough. Apparently, this has gone back to the time when the large weight of the device helped to smooth fabrics faster and better. Now weight is not an important characteristic, and many manufacturers do not even indicate it in the main technical data. But still, look at the weight, because the iron is always in your hands, if it is very hard or unusually light, then ironing will be uncomfortable.
Irons with ceramic or aluminum soles weigh a little, some even less than one kilogram. High-quality irons with stainless steel soles weigh about one and a half kilograms, less often about two. Keep in mind that when you fill the tank with water, the iron will become slightly heavier.
Check out the power of steam
Steam is as important a part of ironing as a hot sole. Therefore, the more steam the iron produces, the easier and faster men’s shirts, voluminous duvet covers, and light dresses with flounces will be ironed.
We look at the power of steam supply. The higher it is, the better!
Steam output or continuous steam output is how much steam per minute comes out of the holes on the soleplate of the iron. In this case, you do not need to additionally press any buttons. Just move the iron over the fabric, and the steam comes out and smoothes out the wrinkles.
This indicator affects the cost: the more steam, the more expensive the iron. On the most equipped models, continuous steam output can reach 75 g/min. Average indicators – 35-50 g / min. But even at 40 g/min, you will have to press the steam boost button frequently to iron the fabric faster.
Check the steam boost
Every steam iron has a steam boost function. Press the button, and steam falls on the fold of the fabric in a powerful cloud, and the hot sole smoothes it out effortlessly.
The stronger the steam boost, the easier it is to remove creases.
Average indicators: 160g–200g. If the value is below 150g, then it can hardly be called a steam boost, just increased steam supply. It, of course, will help to smooth the fabric, but the strongest creases will have to be ironed several times.
Estimate the frequency of use of vertical steam
This function allows you to iron clothes hanging on hangers. But in fact, only expensive irons with a steam boost of about 200 g / min can cope with this task. If this type of ironing is important to you, then it is better to buy a vertical steamer.
Check the volume of the water tank
If the iron has a large steam supply and a small water tank, then ironing will turn into a torment, because you have to add water every ten minutes. Manufacturers also understand this, so they increase the volume of the tank as much as they can. Largest tank: 350-400 ml.
Average volume: 250–300 ml.
You can take a model with a smaller tank volume if it has a small supply of steam or you prefer to iron without it at all.
Find out if there is descaling
If you want your iron to last longer, choose a model with a descaling function. Such a system is found in most devices. The main thing is to use it. Many simply forget to pull out and rinse the container or a special rod in which limescale accumulates.
If there is no such function, then only distilled water can be used.
In addition, it is necessary to carry out self-cleaning of the iron so that when ironing, pieces of scale do not get on expensive clothes. Expensive models have a separate button for this. You need to heat the iron with a full tank of water, place it over the sink and press the clean button. Water with scale pieces will pour out of the holes.
If there is no button and self-cleaning function, then you need to set the maximum heating and turn on the steam boost several times over the sink so that all scale particles come out with water and steam.
Only some of the most expensive models have an indication of the need to clean, with most irons you need to follow this yourself.
See if there is an anti-drop function and how it works
The anti-drip function allows you to iron at low temperatures, at which water does not turn into steam, without the appearance of water droplets on clothes. Drops can stain silk and leave marks, which is why it is so important that the iron does not “cry”.
The main problem is that the “anti-drop” is declared for almost all models, and only works for some. And it’s almost impossible to check this before buying, you can get truthful information only by studying the feedback from the owners or looking at independent tests. Therefore, after buying, check on a simple cloth how the iron behaves when ironing at low temperatures, and if it “drops tears”, then do not be lazy and drain all the water from the tank before ironing delicate fabrics.
You can, of course, try to return the iron to the store if 14 days have not passed since the purchase, referring to Article 18 of the Law “On Protection of Consumer Rights”. After all, the buyer has the right to return the goods if he has a defect that the seller did not warn about. But it will be difficult to prove that a couple of drops spilled during ironing are sufficient grounds for the return of equipment. If you had such an experience, tell us in the comments, it’s interesting.
Check if there is an auto-off
If you suffer from forgetfulness or increased anxiety, then pay attention to devices with an auto-off function. They usually turn off on their own if they lie still for more than 30 seconds or stand still for more than 8 minutes. This feature is available for both expensive and cheap models.
There is one more opportunity to control the operation of the device: some models can be controlled from a smartphone through the application. So the problem with the iron not turned off remains in the past.
Look at the cord
Two points need to be checked: the length of the cord and the method of fastening.
The maximum length of power cords for irons is 3 meters.
Often there are models with cords 2.5 m long. An iron with a shorter cord is worth buying only if your ironing board is equipped with a power connection.
The way the cord is attached to the case is very important. The cord must rotate freely 360 °, only in this case it will not fray during operation.
Check out the warranty period
Many models have a 2-year warranty. Some have one. Agree, two is more than one. Therefore, choose equipment with a longer warranty period. But keep in mind that some breakdowns, such as those associated with the fact that you did not perform descaling, may not be covered under warranty.
Best Iron to Buy
Reviews
Best headset for working from home with microphone / remote work
Best headset for working from home with microphone : Now, more than ever, remote work and distance learning have become relevant. But in order to stream, meetings, webinars, conferences, play games, chat online with friends, you need a high-quality headset.
The best headphones with a microphone for work in 2023 – we tell you what they should be
Before choosing headphones with a microphone for your phone or computer, you need to find out what they are.
How to Choose Headphones for Remote Working:
Wired . These headphones are more reliable than wireless headphones and are lighter in weight. They are connected to the sound source using a wire that is inserted into the appropriate connector.
Wireless . Buying wireless headphones with a microphone is beneficial if you want to feel the freedom of movement and at the same time are ready to constantly charge them, change batteries, etc. The base station of these headphones is connected to the gadget connector. Thanks to the built-in transmitter, the headphones and the station exchange signals.
According to the type of headset design are:
Folding . These headphones fold with a special mechanism and take up less space. They are convenient to take with you.
Clumsy . More bulky, they are better to choose if you are going to use them at home and do not plan to carry them with you all the time.
The differences lie in the type of attachment of the headphones themselves:
Headband . Between the cups passes the bow, which is located in the vertical direction. Due to this, the weight of the headphones is evenly distributed over the head.
Occipital arch . The bow connects two ear pads, but unlike the first option, it runs in the occipital area.
The microphone can be:
On the wire . The microphone is located on the wire, next to the volume control button.
On a fixed mount . The microphone is mounted on a plastic holder and is not very noticeable.
On a movable mount . It can be adjusted, zoomed in and out of the face.
Built-in . The microphone is not visible at all, but this is its only advantage. Using the built-in option, in addition to your voice, all extraneous sounds will also be heard.
With noise cancellation . These microphones are the best and most practical. If the headset has such a function as noise reduction, then all sounds except your voice will be suppressed to the maximum.
Also, the headphones differ in connectors:
Mini jack 3.5 mm . Represented by a small plug that can be inserted into a computer, TV, tablet, phone or home theater. Provided they have a sound module.
USB . Headphones with a microphone with a USB input have a built-in sound module. Therefore, they can be connected to devices that do not have their own audio output.
Best Headset for working from home with microphone
Best Headphones for Remote Work
Best Wired Headset for working from home
Best Noise Cancelling Headphones for office environment under 100
We have shared all the best headsets available in the market. If you want to read in depth how to choose a headset & which qualities it should have before buying. Read our article & share your thoughts in our comments.
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